Friday 29 November 2013

music video

Cher Lloyd - I want you back
For the first 30 seconds there is a few shots of random objects from what I'm guessing where from the past which had some significance.Then she is sat on a bed looking at pictures of her and her ex and the picture is moving.Then there is a few pictures piled up  and all the pictures are singing along with her while moving.Then there is more pictures singing and her reflecting of her breakup and how she regrets getting rid of him.She gets her ipad and looks at pictures of him and his new girlfriend and in a similar way in the pictures she is in there and she pours water on them.She opens a magazine and she is in there singing and moving like she was in the photos.Then she is looking at more pictures of her ex and his girlfriend on certain dates and Cher is there trying to ruin it for them.Then there is a short montage of her in the photos and magazines singing with the camera just as a close up and window shot throughout the video.Then there /is more singing and ruin dates and then it is at an end.

Tonight-Enrique iglesias

When it starts there is a side shot of Enrique looking on at something , then it goes to maybe a past event then he is walking through a dark looking room with dancers at the windows with Enrique walking through it all.He continues to walk through and there is a woman at the back sat on a chair with light over her.Lots of people are dancing in what seems to be a club and the women at the back is looking around while he has his head rested on a window.She then gets up and walks alongside him and they are looking at each other.Then they are right in each others faces and then when it goes into music in the song they kiss.Then after some scenes of the two all over each other it cuts to a man in a car with a few woman and he tells the driver to change the radio and the actual song is on.Then the man in the car starts singing along with it adding his own to it.Then it goes to Enrique stepping off a private jet at an airport.Then the the woman who Enrique was in the club with is in the same taxi as the man who sang along before and she has a small conversation with the taxi driver and she has her passport in her hand.Then it goes to Enrique playing poker and there is a woman across the table and they are both making eye contact.Then they meet in the hall and kiss each other , then on the way upstairs with the woman he has just met he meets the woman from the club and she scowls at him and he looks guilty.Then it goes to his hotel room and there are a lot of woman in their underwear all one another on the bed.Then they grab him and it zooms out from his room and his is on his yacht.Then he is looking out of the window then driving the yacht to a small island.Then he is slowing down the tempo of the song and the two woman from the music video are in bikinis with him then they kiss and it ends.

comparison and differences
The comparison between the two are that they both have the theme of love and relationships. They are both young artists singing about love in different contexts though as Cher Lloyd is talking more about love whereas Enrique iglesias is talking more about the physical side.In some ways this is showing the stereotypes of what people think men and woman think about when with the opposite gender.The similarities in the music videos are that they both tell a story and go through many emotions.

The differences are that they are singing about love in different contexts. Cher Lloyd makes men and woman seem similar and she is blaming herself not him or men in general so there is no real attempt to have a dig at men in the video whereas Enrique iglesias makes women out to be sexual objects and doesn't really refer to men much but this could be due to their ages as he is in his mid twenties where as she is just entering her twenties.Cher Lloyd also promotes the ipad in her video as she clearly shows it to the camera and goes to it a few times whereas in Enrique iglesias doesn't have any promotion of products in his video.

180 degree rule and when it's been broken

The 180 Degree Rule states that two characters in a scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. If you don't follow the 180 Degree Rule, or break it intentionally, it disrupts the scene disorients the audience. When you break the 180 line, a person who was originally facing left in a scene is all of the sudden facing right.The 180 degree rule is if you can imagine an actor walking or running in a direction then you can picture the path they are following as a line. If two actors are talking to each other then draw a line to connect the two places where they are standing and extend the line in each direction to the edges of the set. Even if there are many actors in the scene you can still draw a line connecting the two opposing sides of the action.


Stanley Kubrick and other directors have become known for breaking the 180 degree rule. Sometimes seemingly to add interest to a scene but there are other creative uses for breaking the 180 degree rule. Such uses include if the director wants to create a feeling of disorientation in the audience to enhance the storytelling. Another use could be to show confusion in the mind of one of the characters. Jumping back and forth across the line while the character contemplates a difficult decision would demonstrate his mental state. in "The Shining" Kubrick shoots wide shots from both directions, a 180 degree flip, crossing the line but he picks a screen direction to match close-ups on.
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Another example could be a car chase; if a vehicle leaves the right side of the frame in one shot, it should enter from the left side of the frame in the next shot. Leaving from the right and entering from the right will create a similar sense of disorientation as in the dialogue example.

Monday 18 November 2013

Legal and ethical

What is the BBFC
 
The British Board of Film Classification , originally British Board of Film Censors, is a non-governmental organisation, funded by the film industry and responsible for the national classification and censorship of films within the United Kingdom. The BBFC rate films so that people know what films they are aloud to see and what is too old for them. It can be a useful tool for parents as they can see what films they can take their children to and what is in the film.The lord of the rings trilogy are interesting as the first movie (the fellowship of the ring) is a PG despite there is death,gore,horror and could scare younger audiences. The second and third film are both 12a despite them only have a tad more gore than the first one so they must have squeezed the company's to get the first one down so younger audiences get into it from an early age so when the next few come out they will be old enough for the other two.

Insurance

Film insurance is highly specialised with each production carrying different risks. The types of insurance needed and the level of premium will vary from film to film. At its most basic, your insurance should cover sickness, accident, death, physical loss and damage to equipment and assets, employers and public liability. Insurance is very important as it determines what you can and can't use in your film such as music or brands.To get the permission you would have to ask to use it, either asking the company or the musician. There are different types of insurance such as:

  • Employers' liability insurance – a legal requirement. It insures employees in the event of bodily injury, disease or death arising out of their work and must be referred to in an employee's contract.
  • Public liability insurance - cover for your production in respect of injury or property damage caused by the production's activities. It is usual to have cover up to £5 million.
  • Negative insurance - protects against additional production costs incurred through the damage or loss of stock.
  • Errors and omissions insurance – covers a producer in the event that a production is sued for libel, slander, breach of copyright, invasion of privacy, unauthorised use of trademarks and slogans.
  • Props and sets insurance – particularly important if you are filming in an historic building or hiring props and vehicles.
  • Hired equipment insurance – required if you hire any equipment. Without it, you will be expected to pay for a policy arranged by the hire company.

  • Copyright

    Copyright protects original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works. It allows an original work to be considered a property that is owned by somebody.To get music into your film you have to get permission off the artist or the record label but there are ways around by playing fifteen seconds and put in the credits whos music this actual is and you might be able to get away with it.
    To obtain permission to use a work protected by copyright, you must determine who is the copyright owner of the material you intend to use, contact the owner, and request the right to use the work in the territory and format you intend, and in some cases pay the owner a fee. Often the most difficult part of this process is finding the owner to ask permission to use the work. To make that a little easier, we have provided some information about researching copyright ownership for music, with addresses of record companies and music publishers, as well as film and television producers, publishers and other entities through which you might be able to clear rights. In addition, we have provided sample permission letters for you to use in drafting your letter to the copyright owners once you have identified them.

    Thursday 7 November 2013

    UNDERSTANDING REQUIREMENTS FOR A FILM AND TV PRODUCTION

    sources of finance

    Film finance is a subset of project finance, meaning the film project's generated cash flows rather than external sources are used to repay investors. The main factors determining the commercial success of a film include public taste, artistic merit, competition from other films released at the same time, the quality of the script, the quality of the cast, the quality of the director and other parties, etc. Even if a film looks like it will be a commercial success "on paper", there is still no accurate method of determining the levels of revenue the film will generate.

    There are four main methods of financing the production of a film:




    Government grants

    A number of governments run programs to subsidise the cost of producing films. For instance, until it was abolished in March 2011, in the United Kingdom the UK Film Council provided National Lottery funding to producers, as long as certain conditions were met.Many of the Council's functions have now been taken over by the British Film Institute. States such as Louisiana, Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Michigan, and New Mexico, will provide a subsidy or tax credit provided all or part of a film is filmed in that state.

    Tax incentives

    U.S. states and Canadian provinces have between 15% and 70% tax or cash incentives for labor, production costs or services on film/television/PC game expenditures. Each state and province differs. These so-called "soft-money" incentives are generally not realised until a theatrical or interactive production is completed, all payments are made to workers, financial institutions and rental or prop companies within the state of province offering the incentives. Many other limitations may apply (i.e., actors, cast and crew may have to take up residence in the state or province). Often, a certain amount of physical shooting (principal photography) must be completed within the state borders, and/or the use the state's institutions.


    Private Equity financing

    Generally tax-advantaged theatrical film and television investment for affluent individuals comes with little risk. Most often, the cost of production is recouped by a combination of federal and state tax incentives, thereby eliminating most of the risk. Capital is still required as a direct investment (partnerships can be used), but must also be "at risk".. This is a highly specialised tax play, and is often looked upon as risky by those who do not understand the risk mitigation offered through state tax and federal tax incentives.

    Debt finance

    Pre-sales is, based on the script and cast, selling the right to distribute a film in different territories before the film is completed. Once the deal is made, the distributor will insist the producers deliver on certain elements of content and cast; if a material alteration is made, financing may collapse. In order to gain the “marquee names” essential for drawing in an international audience, distributors and sale agents will often make casting suggestions.Pre-sales contracts with big name actors or directors will often (at the insistence of the buyer) have an "essential element" clause that (as per the example above) allows the buyer to get out of the contract if the star or director falls out of the picture and a marquee equivalent cannot be procured.The reliance on pre-sales explains the film industry's dependence on movie stars, directors and/or certain film genres.

    Equipment

    Cameras

    The equipment you will need  will vary tremendously depending on your budget.
    Digital equipment is far more widely available than traditional 16mm and 35mm film cameras and there are a large number of local organisations that own cameras that can be hired – sometimes even borrowed – by members of the public. Hook into your local film making community and you may be amazed by what is available for a very low cost and sometimes even for free.

    For film cameras, you will definitely need to talk to a camera hire company about what they have available. If you have a camera person who uses them for paid work, then it will be much easier to get a good deal. If not, phone them up for a chat and explain who you are and what you need. They are usually a very friendly crowd and happy to help if they can.

    Lights

    This is an incredibly important part of the film making process, and one that you will need to invest some time in to make sure that the shoot is not wasted. Much of your decision-making will be based on whether you are shooting interiors or exteriors. An experienced camera person comes in handy for lighting tips, so get advice and experiment.

    Sound

    This is a vital area and one that often gets overlooked by first-time filmmakers. The most important thing that you have to remember is that you must record the dialogue well, everything else can be cheated in post-production, but getting actors back in to re-record their dialogue is annoying. It can be very expensive and should be avoided.
    Once the dialogue has been secured, the secondary concern is to record the atmosphere of the room so that it can be used as background in post-production mixing. This is referred to as the ‘wild track' by the sound recordists. There will need to be a moment of quiet on set while the sound mixer records the sound of the room. when setting up filming you need to get the actual equipment to start filming and the equipment is arguably the most important as you need a camera to the film and the rest improve the quality of your production.

    Things you need are : camera,lighting,editing etc usually the most expensive is the camera itself for example the Sony Hdw-750P costs £3,541.00.

    Transport

    Transport is also important as when you have chosen your locations you need a way of getting there such as: bus,train car all cost just some c an be cheaper than others as usually the most expensive is train and car is cheapest but some take less time than others.The Transport Department provides crucial support to a film production. Even the lowest budget feature is likely to require at least one person to oversee the transport of cast, crew and equipment to the location of the film shoot.

    In the case of a very big budget film produced outside the UK, such as a James Bond feature, the demands placed on the Transport Department are huge: equipment must be packed and shipped to multiple locations in the UK or overseas; travel permits must be sorted out; complex itineraries for the hundreds of cast and crew must be arranged; and support vehicles such as mobile production offices, artist caravans and mobile toilets, must be hired. Given the time constraints of a film shoot, everything and everybody must arrive at exactly the right time - if one of the cast is left at the airport, it can prove a very costly mistake.

    Talent

    By talent this means actors,stunt man etc these will get different amounts of money and with different working hours but all need to be kept happy as they can sometimes make or break a movie. The current highest earning actor is Robert Downy junior who earns $75 million a year.Casting is a vital area of film making and one to which you should devote time and energy. Finding the right actor for a part requires skill and patience.

    Crew
     The crew are also vital as they are many of them and they are all on different amounts of money some on more hours than others but they need to be kept happy and active too. For example a script reader can earn up to $300 an hour.film crew is a group of people hired by a production company for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. The Crew is distinguished from the cast as the cast are understood to be the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew is also separate from the producers as the producers are the ones who own a portion of either the film company or the film's intellectual property rights. A film crew is divided into different sectors, each of which specialises in a specific aspect of the production.

    facility hire
    There are many places to hire from such as The Sharp Project is home to digital entrepreneurs and production companies. It is where space, power, connectivity and people converge. Occupants at The Sharp Project make manipulate or move around the world, digital content. The Sharp Project is helping grow the creative and digital sector in the region in order to create job and career opportunities. These objectives are in-line with the City of Manchester’s economic growth strategy. The £16.5million profit-for-purpose development is owned by Manchester City Council Completed in June 2011, it was funded by Manchester City Council.There is also 3SixtyMedia is a joint venture production facilities company, based in Manchester and co-owned by Granada Television (now part of ITV Studios) and BBC Manchester. Formed in 2000 and largely based at Granada's Quay Street headquarters, it combines the studio and post production facilities and technical staff of the two broadcasters and aimed to cut operating their costs. As part of the venture, some programmes were recorded at both BBC Manchester's old New Broadcasting House studios and at ITV's Granada Studios, such as A Question of Sport.

    Adobe premier cs6

    Adobe Premiere Pro is a timeline-based video editing software application. It is part of the Adobe Creative Suite, a suite of graphic design, video editing and web development programs.
    Premiere Pro is used by broadcasters such as the BBC and The Tonight Show. It has been used in feature films, such as The Social Network,Captain Abu Raed, and Monsters, and other venues such as Madonna's Confessions Tour.Adobe is best if on a normal PC but if you have a mac the recommended is final cut x.

    final cut x

    Final Cut Pro X  is a video production suite for OS X from Apple Inc. and the successor to Final Cut Pro. FCP X was announced in April 2011 simultaneously at the Los Angeles Final Cut Pro Users Group held at Bally's Las Vegas and at the NAB Show in the Las Vegas Convention Centre and released in June 2011.

    AVID technology
    Avid Technology, Inc. is an American company specialising in video and audio production technology; specifically, digital non-linear editing (NLE) systems, management and distribution services. It was created in 1987 and became a publicly traded company in 1993.Avid products are now used in the television and video industry to create television shows, feature films, and commercials.

    contributors
    A contributor is someone who takes part in something or makes a contribution website offers other websites giving you links to helping you to get into contact with them by giving you phone numbers and addresses to help you get whatever you need by talking to these companies.They are contributing something towards helping you get what you need. 

    Type

    Sources

    Costs

    Clearances

    1. original materials

     

     

     

    1. sound library materials

    Sound effects

    free

    n/a

    1. Internet

    Research on paranormal

    free

    n/a

    1. Assets

    House

    free

    n/a

    1. Audio

     

    Sound effects

    free

    n/a

    1. Script

    Write ourselves

    free

    n/a

    1. Properties

    camera

    free

    Limited time

    1. recorded music

    Sound effects

    free
     

    copyright

    Friday 18 October 2013

    Single camera formats


    1. SERIAL:

     
    DETAILS
    DEFINE
    A story or play appearing in regular instalments on television or radio with a continuous plot
    YOUR TEXT
    Cold feet
    Format
    Sit – com with 6 episodes a serial
    Narrative
    Follows a day to day life of people and shows there problems and feelings
    Technical
    Multi camera from all angles it follows them
    GENRES
    Comedy, soap

     

    1. SERIES:

     
    DETAILS
    DEFINE
    A set of related television or radio programs, esp. of a specified kind: "a new drama series".
    YOUR TEXT
    Peep show, channel 4, 25 mins,
    Format
    Comedy Series with 6 episodes series
    Narrative
    Starts with an equilibrium then a problem then it gets solved or not and it ends usually with the problem solved
    Technical
    Uses over the shoulder, point of view and close up
    GENRES
    comedy

     

    1. DRAMA:

     
    DETAILS
    DEFINE
    Dramatic programming is television content that is scripted and (normally) fictional
    YOUR TEXT
    Ashes to ashes, BBC 1, 60 minutes
    Format
    Action, mystery, drama with  8 episodes a series
    Narrative
    Starts usually with the team at a crime scene and they have to work the crime out throughout the episode
    Technical
    Single and multi-camera uses close ups and over the shoulder a lot
    GENRES
    Action, mystery, drama and a bit of humour

    Narrative structures

    Narrative structure, a literary math, is generally described as the structural framework that underlies the order and manner in which a narrative is presented to a reader, listener, or viewer. Two theories have been suggested by Todorov and propp.Todorov suggested that conventional narratives are structured in five stages: A state of equilibrium at the outset. A disruption of the equilibrium by some action. A recognition that there has been a disruption. An attempt to repair the disruption. A reinstatement of the equilibrium. This type of narrative structure is very familiar to us and can be applied to many ‘mainstream’ film narratives.

    Vladimir Propp broke up fairy tales into sections. Through these sections he was able to define the tale into a series of sequences that occurred within the Russian fairytale. Usually there is an initial situation, after which the tale usually takes the following 31 functions. Vladimir Propp used this method to decipher Russian folklore and fairy tales. First of all, there seem to be at least two distinct types of structural analysis in folklore. One is the type of which Propp's Morphology is the exemplar par excellence. In this type, the structure or formal organisation of a folklorist text is described following the chronological order of the linear sequence of elements in the text as reported from an informant. Thus if a tale consists of elements A to Z, the structure of the tale is delineated in terms of this same sequence.Propp also suggested there are eight different characters and they are hero,villain,Helper,Mentor,Dispatcher,Blocker,Prize and False Hero.

    The two theories when applied to Batman the dark knight rises has different outcomes such as  Todorovs narrative structure does not work with batman the dark knight rises because, like most modern films, the story is too complex. There are to many characters, side plots and defining moments in the story. The structure would work for the film if it was describing sections of the film as opposed to the whole story.Propp’s theory or structure to the narrative side of a story works better than Todorov’s in my opinion because instead of telling events, which limits the description of modern day stories as they are so complex, it describes characters, and depending on how much detail you go into in your descriptions of these characters you can begin to narrate the story a lot better than you can using Todorov’s structure. Although you could argue that Propp’s theory resembles a cast list. Whilst being better than Todorov’s structure it still has its faults. Today’s stories are more complex than the simple structures these two men have devised, sometimes in modern stories the the characters could overlap each other. For example using Propp’s theory to tell the story of the dark knight rises Miranda Tate is a false princess because she also turns out to be the villain. So Propp’s theory doesn’t fit Batman either.Propp’s theory is very good because his 31 part structure describes the story pretty much down to every last detail